Seizures are a common neurological disorder that affects dogs of all breeds and ages. It can be a scary experience for pet owners to witness their beloved companion having a seizure. Discover all about seizures in dogs with this guide.
Causes of Seizures
Seizures in dogs can have many potential causes of seizures in dogs, including:
- Epilepsy: This is the most common cause of seizures in dogs and is a hereditary disorder. It usually begins between six months to years years of age.
- Brain Tumors: Any abnormal growth or tumor in the brain can disrupt normal electrical activity and cause seizures.
- Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Head trauma, such as being hit by a car or falling from a height, can damage the brain and lead to seizures.
- Infections: Viral, bacterial, or fungal infections can cause inflammation in the brain, leading to seizures.
- Toxicity: Ingestion of certain toxins, such as chocolate, insecticides, or poisonous plants, can trigger seizures in dogs.
- Metabolic Disorders: Abnormalities in blood sugar levels, electrolyte imbalances, or liver and kidney disease can all cause seizures.
- Unknown Causes: In some cases, the cause of seizures in dogs cannot be determined despite thorough testing.
Symptoms of Seizures
The most common sign of a seizure is convulsions or uncontrollable muscle movements. However, other symptoms may indicate a seizure is taking place:
- Loss of Consciousness: The dog may appear to be in a dazed state or lose consciousness during a seizure.
- Vocalization: Some dogs may whimper, cry, or howl during a seizure.
- Incontinence: Loss of bladder or bowel control can occur during seizures.
- Paddling Movements: The dog's legs may paddle or jerk involuntarily during a seizure.
- Drooling and Foaming at the Mouth: Excessive drooling or foaming at the mouth can occur due to muscle contractions during seizures.
- Behavioral Changes: Some dogs may exhibit unusual behaviors, such as aggression or fearfulness, before or after a seizure.
Diagnosis of Seizures
If your dog experiences a seizure, take them to the veterinarian for a proper diagnosis. The vet will perform a thorough physical examination and may also recommend some diagnostic tests, including blood work, urine analysis, x-rays, or an MRI.
Treatment Options for Seizures
The treatment for seizures in dogs depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the seizures. In some cases, medication may be prescribed to control seizures and prevent them from happening in the future. Other treatment options may include:
- Dietary Changes: In dogs with epilepsy, a special diet low in carbohydrates and high in fat can help reduce the frequency of seizures.
- Trigger Avoidance: If certain toxins or medications are causing seizures, eliminate them from the dog's environment.
- Surgery: In cases of brain tumors or other structural abnormalities, surgery may be necessary to remove the source of the seizures.
Seizure Management in Dogs
If your dog has been diagnosed with epilepsy or another disorder that causes seizures, you can take at home some steps to help manage their condition:
- Keep a Record: Keeping track of the frequency, duration, and severity of your dog's seizures can help your vet determine the best treatment plan.
- Reduce Stress: Some dogs may experience more seizures when stressed, so provide a calm and stable environment for them.
- Administer Medication as Prescribed: If your dog has been prescribed medication to control seizures, give it as directed by your vet.
- Be Prepared: Know what to do in case your dog experiences a seizure. Stay calm, keep them away from any potential dangers, and seek veterinary care if the seizure lasts a long time or if multiple seizures occur in a row.
Seizures in dogs can be a frightening experience for both the pet and their owner. But with proper diagnosis and management, many dogs with seizures can live happy and healthy lives.
Contact South Seattle Veterinary Hospital if your dog has an unexpected seizure. We offer 24 hour service for all your pet emergencies.
